{"id":26876,"date":"2025-06-05T11:29:17","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T08:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crjm.org\/?p=26876"},"modified":"2025-06-05T12:52:44","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T09:52:44","slug":"study-the-state-as-defendant-redress-mechanisms-for-judicial-errors-in-the-republic-of-moldova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crjm.org\/en\/study-the-state-as-defendant-redress-mechanisms-for-judicial-errors-in-the-republic-of-moldova\/26876\/","title":{"rendered":"(Study) The State as Defendant: Redress Mechanisms for Judicial Errors in the Republic of Moldova"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Only 1% of material damages and 9% of moral damages claimed are awarded by the courts<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Citizens who were illegally detained, arrested, or convicted receive insufficient redress, even after being acquitted or having their charges dropped. Only 1% of the material damages and 9% of the moral damages claimed by applicants are awarded by the courts. Moreover, those most affected by the state\u2019s unlawful actions are ordinary citizens and entrepreneurs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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These are some of the key findings of a study conducted by the Legal Resources Centre from Moldova, which examined the effectiveness of the compensation mechanism established under Law No. 1545 for damages caused by unlawful actions of law enforcement bodies, the prosecution service, and the judiciary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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According to the data, between 2020 and 2024, claimants requested a total of over 112 million lei in moral damages. However, the courts awarded only 9.85 million lei\u2014approximately 9% of the amount requested. On average, a citizen who suffered as a result of the state\u2019s unlawful actions receives moral compensation of MDL 37,452 (around \u20ac 1,905).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Material damages claimed are met with even less success in court. Out of the total MDL 294 million requested by claimants, the courts awarded only MDL 4.21 million \u2014just 1% of the amount sought. As a result, a person wronged by the state\u2019s unlawful actions receives, on average, only MDL 16,255 (approximately \u20ac 828) in material compensation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThese figures point either to a consistent overestimation of damages by claimants or to a very strict and restrictive approach taken by the courts when assessing these legitimate claims. Our recommendation is that the law should include clear provisions on the criteria for damage assessment, which are currently lacking in the legislation. That said, it is true that in some cases, claimants request exorbitant amounts of compensation that cannot be sufficiently substantiated,\u201d<\/strong><\/em> stated Ilie Chirtoac\u0103, President of the Legal Resources Centre from Moldova and one of the study\u2019s co-authors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Another identified issue is the lack of consistency in judicial decisions when resolving similar cases. For example, in one case of unlawful detention lasting 129 days, the claimant was awarded MDL 100,000 while in another case involving 100 days of unlawful detention, the compensation granted was only MDL 5,000. Furthermore, the symbolic mechanism providing for \u201cofficial apologies\u201d is rarely applied\u2014it was identified in only 33 out of the 263 cases analyzed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Who are the parties involved?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The study shows that the majority of individuals affected by judicial errors are ordinary citizens (not holding public office), who were either prosecuted, detained, or arrested, and later acquitted or had the charges against them dropped. Many of the cases involve claimants who owned or managed businesses and were wrongfully accused of tax evasion, money laundering, influence peddling, or fraud in commercial contracts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A significant number of cases concern annulled administrative proceedings initiated against drivers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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On the other side, in 70% of the cases, the Prosecutor General\u2019s Office appears as the defendant. Other frequently cited institutions include the Ministry of Internal Affairs and its subdivisions, such as the Police and the National Patrol Inspectorate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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How long does it take to resolve a case?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The average time required for the final resolution of a case concerning compensation for damages caused by the state\u2019s unlawful actions is 2 years and 11 months across all three levels of the court system. This timeframe is generally considered acceptable, including from the perspective of the ECtHR\u2019s case law. However, there are cases that took significantly longer\u2014up to nearly 7 years\u2014to be resolved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Overall, the compensation mechanism can be considered stable, with only 3% of cases being sent back for retrial. However, the chances of success decrease as cases progress through the judicial hierarchy\u2014while over 70% of claimants\u2019 requests are upheld at first instance, the rate of accepted claims drops to around 40% at the appellate level. Ultimately, the Supreme Court of Justice upholds the decisions of the appellate courts in nearly 9 out of 10 cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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What are the recommendations?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The authors of the study recommend that the authorities adopt several legislative measures, including the explicit definition of \u201cunlawful acts,\u201d the establishment of assessment grids, and the creation of a clear and objective mechanism for calculating compensation. They also call for the introduction of an extrajudicial procedure for resolving compensation claims when the damage is evident. Additionally, the development of guidelines and reference materials for judges on the application of Law No. 1545 is necessary, as is the inclusion or updating of training modules on state liability and compensation within the curriculum of the National Institute of Justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The research is based on an analysis of 263 irrevocably resolved cases between January 2020 and December 2024 by the Supreme Court of Justice, representing 78% of all such cases. The report provides a detailed assessment of court decisions, the criteria applied, and the amounts of compensation awarded, and it offers recommendations for improving the legal framework. The study also includes a publicly accessible database containing all the analyzed judgments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Only 1% of material damages and 9% of moral damages claimed are awarded by the courts Citizens who were illegally detained, arrested, or convicted receive insufficient redress, even after being acquitted or having their charges dropped. Only 1% of the material damages and 9% of the moral damages claimed by applicants are awarded by the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26864,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,211],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-news-en"],"acf":[],"cp_meta_data":{"nd_options_meta_box_page_title":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_page_margin":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_page_header_img":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_page_header_img_title":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_page_header_img_position":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_title":["1"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_margin":["1"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_sidebar_position":["nd_options_full_width"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_header_img":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_header_img_title":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_header_img_position":["nd_options_background_position_center_top"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_quote":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_quote_author":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_link_title":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_link_url":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_media_code":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_woocommerce_header_img":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_woocommerce_header_img_title":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_woocommerce_header_img_position":[""],"_edit_lock":["1749117610:3"],"classic-editor-remember":["block-editor"],"_wpml_word_count":["{\"total\":900,\"to_translate\":{\"ro\":900}}"],"_encloseme":["1"],"wp_statistics_words_count":["812"],"_edit_last":["3"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_color":[""],"_wpml_media_duplicate":["1"],"_wpml_media_featured":["1"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-post"],"_elementor_version":["3.29.1"],"mec_location_id":["0"],"mec_organizer_id":["0"],"mec_additional_organizer_ids":["a:0:{}"],"mec_additional_location_ids":["a:0:{}"],"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":["211"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"1a55cf62\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"pa_badge_text\":\"New\",\"pa_condition_repeater\":[],\"eael_parallax_layers_list\":[],\"eael_cl_logics\":[{\"_id\":\"bd6621b\",\"dynamic_field_custom_separator\":\"|\"}],\"eae_slider_delay\":\"5000\",\"gradient_color_list\":[{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#00a6d8\",\"_id\":\"7498176\"},{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#b800c9\",\"_id\":\"de2fdee\"},{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#e57600\",\"_id\":\"60e7d59\"}],\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_placeholder\":\"Enter Password\",\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_submit_btn_txt\":\"Submit\",\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_incorrect_message\":\"Password does not match.\"},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"251ee71\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"pa_condition_repeater\":[],\"pa_badge_text\":\"New\",\"eael_cl_logics\":[{\"_id\":\"fdd81fc\",\"dynamic_field_custom_separator\":\"|\"}],\"eae_slider_delay\":\"5000\",\"gradient_color_list\":[{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#00a6d8\",\"_id\":\"58762d2\"},{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#b800c9\",\"_id\":\"1eb7622\"},{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#e57600\",\"_id\":\"d863a93\"}]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"f5a5d10\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"72% din avoca\\u021bi, 46% din procurori \\u0219i 37% din judec\\u0103tori consider\\u0103 c\\u0103 \\u00een Moldova exist\\u0103 mult\\u0103 sau foarte mult\\u0103 corup\\u021bie. Care sunt principalele cauze? <\\\/b>\",\"header_size\":\"h3\",\"eael_tooltip_section_content\":\"I am a tooltip\",\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_placeholder\":\"Enter Password\",\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_submit_btn_txt\":\"Submit\",\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_incorrect_message\":\"Password does not match.\",\"eael_cl_logics\":[{\"_id\":\"a4bdef6\",\"dynamic_field_custom_separator\":\"|\"}],\"pa_condition_repeater\":[],\"__globals__\":{\"title_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"20af834a\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"

A crescut num\\u0103rul judec\\u0103torilor \\u0219i procurorilor dispu\\u0219i s\\u0103 accepte evaluarea extern\\u0103, \\u00eens\\u0103 nivelul de satisfac\\u021bie a salariilor a ajuns la un minim istoric \\u2013 doar 6% din judec\\u0103tori \\u0219i 7% din procurori sunt mul\\u021bumi\\u021bi de m\\u0103rimea salariilor. De cealalt\\u0103 parte, percep\\u021bia general\\u0103 a profesioni\\u0219tilor din justi\\u021bie privind corup\\u021bia este \\u00een cre\\u0219tere. 72% din avoca\\u021bi, 46% din procurori \\u0219i 37% din judec\\u0103tori consider\\u0103 c\\u0103 \\u00een Republica Moldova exist\\u0103 mult\\u0103 sau foarte mult\\u0103 corup\\u021bie.<\\\/strong><\\\/p>

Acestea sunt doar c\\u00e2teva dintre constat\\u0103rile sondajului \\u201ePercep\\u021bia judec\\u0103torilor, procurorilor \\u0219i avoca\\u021bilor despre justi\\u021bie \\u0219i fenomenul corup\\u021biei<\\\/a>, prezentat luni, 2 iunie 2025, \\u00een cadrul unui eveniment public<\\\/a> la care au participat autorit\\u0103\\u021bi din domeniul justi\\u021biei, dar \\u0219i membri ai societ\\u0103\\u021bii civile, membri ai sectorului academic \\u0219i parteneri de dezvoltare.<\\\/p>

Cercetarea a fost realizat\\u0103 \\u00een baza unor chestionare complexe, \\u00een completarea c\\u0103rora au participat 476 de judec\\u0103tori, procurori \\u0219i avoca\\u021bi \\u0219i a avut scopul de a afla opinia profesioni\\u0219tilor despre starea justi\\u021biei, ini\\u021biativele de reformare a acesteia \\u0219i fenomenul corup\\u021biei. Sondajul a fost realizat \\u00een perioada \\u00a0\\u2013 17 februarie - 8 aprilie 2025 de compania Magenta Consulting, la solicitarea Centrului de Resurse Juridice din Moldova, \\u0219i reprezint\\u0103 o m\\u0103surare sociologic\\u0103 similar\\u0103 edi\\u021biilor din 2018, 2020 \\u0219i 2023.<\\\/p>

\\u201eAcest sondaj de opinie, al\\u0103turi de alte studii similare, va fi unul din instrumentele care vor fi luate \\u00een considera\\u021bie la elaborarea noii strategii pentru sectorul justi\\u021biei pentru perioada 2025-2030. Datele ofer\\u0103 o imagine din perspectiva profesioni\\u0219tilor at\\u00e2t asupra realiz\\u0103rilor, c\\u00e2t \\u0219i asupra provoc\\u0103rilor care trebuie gestionate cu responsabilitate\\u201d,<\\\/em><\\\/strong> \\u00a0a declarat ministra Justi\\u021biei, Veronica Mihailov-Moraru.<\\\/p>

Datele colectate reflect\\u0103 o cre\\u0219tere a autoevalu\\u0103rii pozitive a judec\\u0103torilor \\u00een ceea ce prive\\u0219te independen\\u021ba proprie (de la 84% \\u00een 2020 la 93% \\u00een 2025). \\u00cen paralel, s-a \\u00eembun\\u0103t\\u0103\\u021bit \\u0219i opinia avoca\\u021bilor despre judec\\u0103tori (de la 22% \\u00een 2020 la 50% \\u00een 2025), \\u00eens\\u0103 nivelul de percep\\u021bie a avoca\\u021bilor r\\u0103m\\u00e2ne sc\\u0103zut, \\u00een compara\\u021bie cu autoevaluarea judec\\u0103torilor.<\\\/p>

Procurorii se consider\\u0103 independen\\u021bi \\u00een activitatea lor \\u00een propor\\u021bie de 65%, \\u00eens\\u0103 avoca\\u021bii sesizeaz\\u0103 independen\\u021ba procurorilor \\u00een propor\\u021bie de doar 31%.<\\\/p>

\\u00cen general, judec\\u0103torii semnaleaz\\u0103 o evolu\\u021bie pozitiv\\u0103 a rela\\u021biei lor cu CSM, fiind eviden\\u021biat\\u0103 o cre\\u0219tere a percep\\u021biei privind transparen\\u021ba activit\\u0103\\u021bii - de la 61% \\u00een 2020 la 83%, \\u00een 2025. De cealalt\\u0103 parte, \\u00eens\\u0103, percep\\u021bia procurorilor vizavi de transparen\\u021ba CSP a sc\\u0103zut de la 77% \\u00een 2020 la 66% \\u00een 2025.<\\\/p>

\\u201eCentrul de Resurse Juridice din Moldova realizeaz\\u0103 acest sondaj din 2015, o dat\\u0103 la doi ani, pentru a analiza datele \\u00een dinamic\\u0103. Noi credem c\\u0103 sondajul nu este doar despre percep\\u021bii, ci poate fi \\u0219i un instrument de management, un barometru pentru institu\\u021bii, pentru c\\u0103 datele credibile sunt temelia reformelor credibile \\u0219i durabile\\u201d,<\\\/em><\\\/strong> a declarat pre\\u0219edintele CRJM, Ilie Chirtoac\\u0103.<\\\/p>

Un alt aspect care merit\\u0103 aten\\u021bie se refer\\u0103 la cre\\u0219terea gradului de disponibilitate a judec\\u0103torilor \\u0219i procurorilor de a fi supu\\u0219i evalu\\u0103rii externe. \\u00cen 2025, 81% din judec\\u0103tori \\u0219i 70% din avoca\\u021bi afirm\\u0103 c\\u0103 ar accepta procedurile de evaluare extern\\u0103, \\u00een compara\\u021bie cu 64% \\u0219i 62% \\u00een 2023.<\\\/p>

De cealalt\\u0103 parte, percep\\u021biile avoca\\u021bilor fa\\u021b\\u0103 de Uniunea Avoca\\u021bilor indic\\u0103 o tendin\\u021b\\u0103 descendent\\u0103 fa\\u021b\\u0103 de anul 2023. Cea mai mare sc\\u0103dere se refer\\u0103 la corectitudinea deciziilor Comisiei de etic\\u0103. \\u00cen 2025, doar 54% din avoca\\u021bi consider\\u0103 deciziile Comisiei corecte, comparativ cu 82% \\u00een 2023. Printre cele mai a\\u0219teptate schimb\\u0103ri de c\\u0103tre avoca\\u021bi se num\\u0103r\\u0103 notific\\u0103rile automate privind achitarea cotiza\\u021biilor (94%), transparen\\u021ba online a contactelor avoca\\u021bilor (83%) \\u0219i crearea unui sistem de coresponden\\u021b\\u0103 confiden\\u021bial\\u0103 (78%).<\\\/p>

\\u00centreba\\u021bi despre egalitatea de gen din sistemul de justi\\u021bie, doar 46% dintre procurori, 45% dintre judec\\u0103tori \\u0219i 34% dintre avoca\\u021bi sunt de p\\u0103rerea c\\u0103 nivelul egalit\\u0103\\u021bii de gen \\u00een instan\\u021bele \\u0219i procuratur\\u0103 a crescut \\u00een ultimii 5 ani, ponderea acestei opinii fiind \\u00een u\\u0219oar\\u0103 descre\\u0219tere fa\\u021b\\u0103 de sondajul din anii preceden\\u021bi.<\\\/p>

Percep\\u021bia general\\u0103 a profesioni\\u0219tilor din justi\\u021bie despre existen\\u021ba corup\\u021biei este \\u00een cre\\u0219tere. \\u00cen 2025, 72% din avoca\\u021bi, 46% din procurori \\u0219i 37% din judec\\u0103tori consider\\u0103 c\\u0103 \\u00een Moldova exist\\u0103 mult\\u0103 sau foarte mult\\u0103 corup\\u021bie. Doar 4% din judec\\u0103tori \\u0219i 1% din avoca\\u021bi consider\\u0103 c\\u0103 \\u00een \\u021bara noastr\\u0103 nu exist\\u0103 corup\\u021bie.<\\\/p>

Potrivit judec\\u0103torilor, procurorilor \\u0219i avoca\\u021bilor, cele mai corupte institu\\u021bii sunt Parlamentul \\u0219i Guvernul, care sunt urmate de Poli\\u021bie \\u0219i Centrul Na\\u021bional Anticorup\\u021bie. Corup\\u021bia din sistemul judec\\u0103toresc este perceput\\u0103 ca fiind ridicat\\u0103 de 61% din avoca\\u021bi, comparativ cu 29% din procurori \\u0219i doar 15% din judec\\u0103tori. Procuratura este considerat\\u0103 corupt\\u0103 de 65% din avoca\\u021bi \\u0219i 29% din judec\\u0103tori. Doar 38% din judec\\u0103tori, 17% din procurori \\u0219i 33% din avoca\\u021bi sunt de p\\u0103rere c\\u0103 nivelul corup\\u021biei a sc\\u0103zut \\u00een ultimii ani.<\\\/p>

Cei mai invoca\\u021bi factori care contribuie la corup\\u021bie sunt salariile mici (94% dintre procurori, 78% dintre judec\\u0103tori), lipsa transparen\\u021bei (73% dintre avoca\\u021bi), deficien\\u021bele \\u00een selec\\u021bie\\\/promovare (83% dintre avoca\\u021bi) \\u0219i lipsa sanc\\u021bion\\u0103rii persoanelor corupte (81% dintre avoca\\u021bi).<\\\/p>\",\"pa_condition_repeater\":[],\"pa_badge_text\":\"New\",\"__globals__\":{\"text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\"},\"eael_tooltip_section_content\":\"I am a tooltip\",\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_placeholder\":\"Enter Password\",\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_submit_btn_txt\":\"Submit\",\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_incorrect_message\":\"Password does not match.\",\"eael_cl_logics\":[{\"_id\":\"997ddc7\",\"dynamic_field_custom_separator\":\"|\"}]},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"4dd78f0\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"eael_parallax_layers_list\":[],\"eael_cl_logics\":[{\"_id\":\"e90737c\",\"dynamic_field_custom_separator\":\"|\"}],\"eae_slider_delay\":\"5000\",\"gradient_color_list\":[{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#00a6d8\",\"_id\":\"e082119\"},{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#b800c9\",\"_id\":\"51be557\"},{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#e57600\",\"_id\":\"a10c962\"}],\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_placeholder\":\"Enter Password\",\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_submit_btn_txt\":\"Submit\",\"eael_ext_content_protection_password_incorrect_message\":\"Password does not match.\",\"pa_condition_repeater\":[]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"a2d2f05\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null,\"eael_cl_logics\":[{\"_id\":\"f3f07f5\",\"dynamic_field_custom_separator\":\"|\"}],\"eae_slider_delay\":\"5000\",\"gradient_color_list\":[{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#00a6d8\",\"_id\":\"90d7125\"},{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#b800c9\",\"_id\":\"2575afa\"},{\"eae_animated_gradient_color\":\"#e57600\",\"_id\":\"0ca08f7\"}],\"pa_condition_repeater\":[]},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"5d6c496\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"blockquote_skin\":\"boxed\",\"alignment\":\"center\",\"blockquote_content\":\"Evenimentul a fost organizat \\u00een cadrul proiectului \\u201eSprijinirea eforturilor de promovare a protec\\u021biei drepturilor omului\\u201d, implementat de Centrul de Resurse Juridice din Moldova \\u0219i sus\\u021binut financiar de Ambasada Regatului \\u021a\\u0103rilor de Jos \\u00een Moldova. 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