{"id":24326,"date":"2024-12-27T12:31:54","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T10:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crjm.org\/hartuirea-online-cu-poze-intime-ce-trebuie-sa-faca-autoritatile-pentru-a-proteja-victimele-violentei-cibernetice-reflectii-dupa-condamnarea-romaniei-la-ctedo\/24326\/"},"modified":"2025-05-29T15:41:32","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T12:41:32","slug":"online-stalking-with-intimate-photos-what-should-authorities-do-to-protect-victims-of-cyber-violence-reflections-after-romanias-sentencing-at-the-ecthr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crjm.org\/en\/online-stalking-with-intimate-photos-what-should-authorities-do-to-protect-victims-of-cyber-violence-reflections-after-romanias-sentencing-at-the-ecthr\/24326\/","title":{"rendered":"Online stalking with intimate photos: What should authorities do to protect victims of cyberviolence? Reflections after Romania’s sentencing at the ECtHR"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The right to privacy, as enshrined in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter ECHR), imposes a number of positive obligations on States to protect victims of all forms of violence, including cyberviolence; to establish and implement in practice an adequate legal framework to protect against violence committed by private persons; to take reasonable steps to avoid a real and immediate risk of recurring violence that the authorities knew or ought to have known about; and to conduct an effective investigation into acts of violence.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

In the case of M. \u0218. D. v. Romania<\/a><\/strong>, handed down in December 2024, the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter the ECtHR or the Court) unanimously ruled that the right to privacy was violated by the authorities’ failure to protect the victim of cyberviolence.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n


Circumstances of the Case:<\/strong>

In October 2016, after the end of a short-term relationship, the applicant’s ex-partner, out of jealousy and revenge, distributed her intimate photographs to family members and friends of her brother, using fake accounts on Facebook. Subsequently, he published the same images and the complainant’s personal data on websites offering escort services. As a result, the applicant was contacted by unknown persons interested in such services. The complainant stated that her ex-partner verbally and physically assaulted her after the break-up and threatened to disseminate her intimate images within the university.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The complainant immediately filed a complaint with the authorities, but the criminal proceedings lasted until the statute of limitations for criminal liability expired. In the grounds for the decision to close the criminal case, the authorities concluded that the former partner’s actions did not constitute the offenses of invasion of privacy, computer forgery, harassment or threat. In addition, the Romanian authorities criticized the applicant’s behaviour, blaming her for the “sexualized” nature of the relationship by voluntarily sending intimate photos, and argued that the criminal sanctioning of the ex-boyfriend would represent an “excessive penalization” of his conduct.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

ECtHR’s Findings:<\/strong>

The ECtHR reiterated that the effective investigation must be prompt and thorough. In this case, the Romanian authorities opened the investigation more than six months after the complainant lodged her complaint with the police; they heard the suspect more than one year and eight months later; they opened the investigation against him more than two years and five months after the complaint was lodged; and he admitted the acts committed more than seven months later. The ECtHR noted that the authorities failed to take measures to ensure that the necessary evidence was collected, even though some of it was available online or on computers. Equally, the authorities failed to protect the applicant from possible abuse by her ex-partner or to mitigate it \u2013 even after the complaint was lodged, he continued his wrongful actions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The ECtHR took into account the national court’s findings regarding the prosecutor’s lack of impartiality and dismissive attitude towards the applicant, which contributed to her revictimization. The Court also found particularly worrying the prosecutor’s decision not to continue the investigation into the applicant’s case, which was taken based on the intervening statute of limitations on criminal liability, as determined by the national court. The Romanian authorities have therefore failed to fulfill their obligation to conduct an effective investigation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

As regards the legal framework, the ECtHR found that, at the time of the investigation of the case, it did not ensure the necessary protection of the applicant against acts of cyber violence. The amendments to the Romanian Criminal Code, which contribute to the protection of victims of ‘revenge pornography’, entered into force too late, already after the final judgments in the applicant’s case had been delivered.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Personal Note<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The case of M.\u0218.D. v. Romania<\/em> emphasizes the importance of the protection of the right to privacy in the context of cyberviolence, given the increased dangerousness of this phenomenon which is due to the possibility of rapid distribution of intimate images and personal data on the internet. The Court confirmed that cyberviolence is nowadays becoming an aspect of violence against women and girls and can take different forms, including computer violations of privacy, intrusion into the victim’s computer and the retrieval, sharing and manipulation of data and images, including intimate data, etc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The ECtHR considered that the failure of the Romanian authorities to investigate the case until the expiry of the limitation periods called into question their ability and willingness to conduct an effective investigation, which was essential to maintain public confidence in respect for the rule of law.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

In addition to the psychological trauma and feelings of anxiety and fear caused to the applicant, she was re-victimized by the authorities when she lodged her complaint, which is totally unacceptable when it comes to victims of any form of violence. The Court reiterated that online violence or “cyber violence” is closely linked to offline or “real-life” violence and must be seen as another facet of the complex phenomenon of domestic violence (\u00a7 119).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The Court also emphasized that both international instruments and the established caselaw of the ECtHR have highlighted the particular vulnerability of victims of domestic violence and the need for active State involvement in their protection. The problem in question is also widespread in the Republic of Moldova, as our state has been condemned in several cases<\/a> concerning failure to protect victims of violence.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Finally, in view of the high vulnerability of victims of cyber violence, the state should intervene as actively and promptly as possible to protect them from further acts and avoid an indifferent, preconceived or discriminatory attitude.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Author: Valeria BUTORINA, Junior Legal Officer<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Photo sources: Freepik, Moldova 1<\/i><\/em><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The right to privacy, as enshrined in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter ECHR), imposes a number of positive obligations on States to protect victims of all forms of violence, including cyberviolence; to establish and implement in practice an adequate legal framework to protect against violence committed by private persons; to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":24073,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[454],"class_list":["post-24326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-en","tag-2024-en"],"acf":[],"cp_meta_data":{"_encloseme":["1"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_title":["1"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_margin":["1"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_sidebar_position":["nd_options_full_width"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_header_img_title":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_header_img_position":["nd_options_background_position_center_top"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_quote":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_quote_author":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_link_title":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_link_url":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_media_code":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_woocommerce_header_img_title":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_woocommerce_header_img_position":[""],"_wpml_media_has_media":["1"],"wp_statistics_words_count":["912"],"_wp_page_template":["default"],"nd_options_meta_box_page_title":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_page_margin":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_page_header_img":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_page_header_img_title":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_page_header_img_position":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_post_header_img":[""],"nd_options_meta_box_woocommerce_header_img":[""],"_wpml_media_featured":["1"],"_wpml_media_duplicate":["1"],"nd_options_meta_box_post_color":[""],"_yoast_wpseo_content_score":["30"],"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":["6"],"_wpml_location_migration_done":["1"],"classic-editor-remember":["classic-editor"],"_yoast_wpseo_wordproof_timestamp":[""],"mec_location_id":["0"],"mec_additional_location_ids":["a:0:{}"],"mec_organizer_id":["0"],"mec_additional_organizer_ids":["a:0:{}"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-post"],"_elementor_version":["3.9.1"],"dce_widgets":["a:14:{s:12:\"social-icons\";a:2:{s:8:\"10acd4f3\";i:1;s:7:\"0f10aa7\";i:1;}s:6:\"button\";a:2:{s:7:\"19995d7\";i:1;s:7:\"b0a7040\";i:1;}s:22:\"wpml-language-switcher\";a:1:{s:7:\"095f9c2\";i:1;}s:9:\"site-logo\";a:1:{s:7:\"867d371\";i:1;}s:8:\"nav-menu\";a:1:{s:8:\"5f39d2fc\";i:1;}s:10:\"author-box\";a:1:{s:8:\"6587ff01\";i:1;}s:6:\"spacer\";a:2:{s:7:\"abfa2f9\";i:1;s:7:\"32fb644\";i:1;}s:16:\"theme-post-title\";a:1:{s:8:\"2eb071c3\";i:1;}s:18:\"theme-post-content\";a:1:{s:7:\"2fa957d\";i:1;}s:11:\"text-editor\";a:3:{s:8:\"35518a20\";i:1;s:7:\"961a24a\";i:1;s:7:\"4819d23\";i:1;}s:13:\"share-buttons\";a:1:{i:6278061;i:1;}s:7:\"heading\";a:11:{s:7:\"1588fe3\";i:1;s:8:\"37a78161\";i:1;s:8:\"1760c51d\";i:1;s:8:\"5a50a8ca\";i:1;s:8:\"564ce72d\";i:1;s:7:\"961ffe1\";i:1;s:7:\"d55474e\";i:1;s:8:\"21bcea87\";i:1;s:7:\"853019b\";i:1;s:7:\"7336c1f\";i:1;s:7:\"af317c8\";i:1;}s:5:\"posts\";a:1:{s:7:\"024f92c\";i:1;}s:9:\"icon-list\";a:4:{s:8:\"693e1fb6\";i:1;s:8:\"110976c1\";i:1;s:8:\"5187688e\";i:1;s:7:\"d1e2ce1\";i:1;}}"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"125266f7\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":[],\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"68f487db\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"35518a20\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"

Cu doi ani \\u00een urm\\u0103, la 20 noiembrie 2020, Parlamentul Republicii Moldova a aprobat \\u00een lectur\\u0103 final\\u0103 <\\\/span>crearea unei subcomisii<\\\/a> pentru exercitarea controlului parlamentar asupra execut\\u0103rii hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor Cur\\u021bii Europene a Drepturilor Omului (CtEDO) \\u0219i a hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor Cur\\u021bii Constitu\\u021bionale. Aceasta trebuia s\\u0103 activeze distinct, fiind responsabil\\u0103 de implementarea m\\u0103surilor \\u0219i de elaborarea proiectelor de legi sau a politicilor necesare pentru executarea hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO \\u0219i a Cur\\u021bii Constitu\\u021bionale.<\\\/span><\\\/b><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

Componen\\u021ba numeric\\u0103 \\u0219i nominal\\u0103 a subcomisiei se aprob\\u0103 de Comisia juridic\\u0103, numiri \\u0219i imunit\\u0103\\u021bi cu votul majorit\\u0103\\u021bii membrilor, \\u00eens\\u0103, obligatoriu, func\\u021bia de pre\\u015fedinte(\\u0103) al subcomisiei \\u00eei revine opozi\\u0163iei parlamentare.<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

Atribu\\u021biile \\u0219i modul de desf\\u0103\\u0219urare a activit\\u0103\\u021bii subcomisiei trebuie stabilite printr-un regulament aprobat prin hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rea Parlamentului.<\\\/span> Din c\\u00e2te cunoa\\u0219tem, nici dup\\u0103 doi ani, la zi nu exist\\u0103 o asemenea ini\\u021biativ\\u0103 legislativ\\u0103.<\\\/span><\\\/u><\\\/p>\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"text_columns\":\"1\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Roboto Slab\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"400\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"db7613a\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":[],\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"1e5f44f\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"961a24a\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"

\\\"\\\"\\u00a0Ce probleme identific\\u0103 CtEDO cu referire la sistemul na\\u021bional?<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>

La finele anului 2022,\\u00a0<\\\/span>CtEDO a pronun\\u021bat 575 de hot\\u0103r\\u00e2ri care vizeaz\\u0103 Republica Moldova<\\\/a>, aceast\\u0103 cifr\\u0103 fiind mai mare dec\\u00e2t num\\u0103rul hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor ce vizeaz\\u0103, de exemplu, Germania sau Spania \\u2013 state cu o popula\\u021bie mult mai numeroas\\u0103.\\u00a0<\\\/span>Majoritatea dintre acestea sunt repetitive, adic\\u0103 se refer\\u0103 la viol\\u0103ri constatate de CtEDO cu mul\\u021bi ani \\u00een urm\\u0103. Acest fapt confirm\\u0103, implicit, c\\u0103 Moldova nu \\u00eentreprinde suficiente m\\u0103suri pentru a executa hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rile CtEDO. \\u0218i datele Consiliului Europei\\u00a0confirm\\u0103 acest lucru<\\\/a>. La finele lunii septembrie 2022, Republica Moldova avea neexecutate 130 de cauze, dintre care 53 cauze de referin\\u0163\\u0103 (care presupun probleme structurale sau sistemice).<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00cen ceea ce prive\\u0219te num\\u0103rul cauzelor neexecutate pendinte, Moldova este \\u00een\\u00a0top zece \\u021b\\u0103ri<\\\/a>\\u00a0din cele 46 de \\u0163\\u0103ri membre ale Consiliului Europei, iar durata medie de implementare a cauzelor de referin\\u021b\\u0103 de c\\u0103tre Republica Moldova este de circa 9 ani.<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

Ca\\u00a0probleme \\u0219i abateri sistemice<\\\/a>, pot fi enumerate, inclusiv, arest\\u0103rile nemotivate, maltratarea \\u0219i investigarea ineficient\\u0103 a maltrat\\u0103rii, deten\\u021bia \\u00een condi\\u021bii proaste sau violen\\u021ba domestic\\u0103. Num\\u0103rul mare de cereri primite \\u0219i hot\\u0103r\\u00e2ri pronun\\u021bate de CtEDO demonstreaz\\u0103, de asemenea, un nivel sc\\u0103zut de \\u00eencredere \\u00een sistemul juridic na\\u021bional \\u0219i func\\u021bionalitatea precar\\u0103 a acestuia, precum \\u0219i lipsa unor r\\u0103spunsuri corespunz\\u0103toare din partea autorit\\u0103\\u021bilor na\\u021bionale.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"text_columns\":\"1\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Roboto Slab\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"400\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"aa93fc2\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":[],\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"fdc9e84\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"4819d23\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"

Executarea hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO \\u0219i a CC \\u2013 problema Parlamentului?<\\\/span><\\\/span>\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

Executarea hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO este sarcina primordial\\u0103 a Guvernului, prin intermediul\\u00a0Agentului Guvernamental<\\\/a>. Totu\\u0219i, acest proces complex \\u0219i de durat\\u0103, necesit\\u0103 o monitorizare constant\\u0103 de c\\u0103tre legislativ, dup\\u0103 cum a fost recomandat prin\\u00a0<\\\/span>Rezolu\\u021biile Adun\\u0103rii Parlamentare a Consiliului Europei (APCE) nr.\\u00a01823 din 2011<\\\/a>\\u00a0\\u0219i\\u00a02178 din 2017<\\\/a>.\\u00a0<\\\/span>APCE a chemat parlamentele s\\u0103-\\u0219i focuseze eforturile pe supravegherea hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO \\u0219i prin monitorizarea pa\\u0219ilor \\u00eentreprin\\u0219i de autorit\\u0103\\u021bi \\u0219i a m\\u0103surilor luate.<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

Cu alte cuvinte, Parlamentul are un rol esen\\u021bial \\u00een executarea hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO. Practicile statelor membre ale Consiliului Europei au ar\\u0103tat c\\u0103 executarea hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO \\u00een ceea ce prive\\u0219te problemele sistemice a fost mai eficient\\u0103 atunci\\u00a0c\\u00e2nd parlamentele au intervenit \\u0219i au cooperat cu guvernele lor<\\\/a>. Desigur, nu toate hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rile CtEDO necesit\\u0103 o interven\\u021bie din partea Parlamentului. \\u00cens\\u0103 problemele sistemice, a\\u0219a cum sunt \\u00eencadrate de CtEDO sau Comitetul de Mini\\u0219tri, solicit\\u0103 m\\u0103suri legislative \\u00eentr-un context mult mai larg de reforme (administrative, institu\\u021bionale \\u0219i structurale). \\u00cen alte situa\\u021bii, Parlamentul p\\u0103streaz\\u0103 rolul primordial de execu\\u021bie, atunci c\\u00e2nd o hot\\u0103r\\u00e2re denot\\u0103 o problem\\u0103 care decurge dintr-o legisla\\u021bie problematic\\u0103 sau incompatibil\\u0103 cu CEDO.<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

Pe l\\u00e2ng\\u0103<\\\/span>\\u00a0Rezolu\\u021biile APCE, acest mecanism parlamentar este inspirat \\u0219i din experien\\u021ba altor \\u021b\\u0103ri, cum ar fi Marea Britanie,\\u00a0 Polonia sau Ucraina. De exemplu, \\u00ee<\\\/span>n Polonia, Comisia pentru Justi\\u021bie \\u0219i Drepturile Omului din camera inferioar\\u0103 (Sejm) a parlamentului a avut o subcomisie pentru executarea hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO. Subcomisia a fost \\u00eenfiin\\u021bat\\u0103 \\u00een 2014 \\u0219i preg\\u0103tea proiectele de legi \\u0219i\\\/sau planuri de ac\\u021biuni privind executarea hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO. Aceasta raporta ambelor camere, at\\u00e2t Sejm-ului, c\\u00e2t \\u0219i Senatului. Din 2014, Polonia a reu\\u0219it s\\u0103 finalizeze procedura de executare pentru un total de 503 hot\\u0103r\\u00e2ri pronun\\u021bate de CtEDO. Num\\u0103rul de hot\\u0103r\\u00e2ri poloneze care urmeaz\\u0103 s\\u0103 fie executate sub supravegherea Comitetului de Mini\\u0219tri a sc\\u0103zut semnificativ de la 523 la\\u00a0nivelul record de 95 la sf\\u00e2r\\u0219itul anului 2019<\\\/a>.<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00cen alt\\u0103 ordine de idei, potrivit art. 28 din Legea cu privire la Curtea Constitu\\u021bional\\u0103, actele Cur\\u021bii sunt acte oficiale \\u0219i executorii pentru to\\u021bi. Ca urmare a hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rii Cur\\u021bii Constitu\\u021bionale, cel mai frecvent se impune modificarea legisla\\u021biei. Hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rile Cur\\u021bii Constitu\\u021bionale sunt destinate \\u00een primul r\\u00e2nd legislatorului, dar \\u0219i altor subiec\\u021bi, care particip\\u0103 la procesul legislativ. Lipsa unei interven\\u021bii legislative a Parlamentului \\u00een vederea execut\\u0103rii actelor instan\\u021bei de jurisdic\\u021bie constitu\\u021bional\\u0103 echivaleaz\\u0103 cu neexercitarea competen\\u021bei de baz\\u0103 a acestuia, \\u0219i anume cea de legiferare, atribuit\\u0103 de Constitu\\u021bie.\\u00a0<\\\/span>Situa\\u021bia nu este mai bun\\u0103 nici la nivelul execut\\u0103rii hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor Cur\\u021bii Constitu\\u021bionale. Parlamentul a r\\u0103mas restant cu neexecutarea a\\u00a024 de hot\\u0103r\\u00e2ri pronun\\u021bate de c\\u0103tre Curte<\\\/a>\\u00a0(dintre care 12 pronun\\u021bate \\u00een 2021).<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\\"\\\"De<\\\/span><\\\/span>\\u00a0ce este necesar\\u0103 instituirea subcomisiei parlamentare\\u00a0?<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00cen primul r\\u00e2nd, acest lucru deriv\\u0103 din\\u00a0recomand\\u0103rile Consiliului Europei<\\\/a>, prin care parlamentele na\\u021bionale trebuie s\\u0103 \\u00ee\\u0219i fortifice poten\\u021bialul de care dispun pentru a supraveghea punerea \\u00een aplicare a standardelor CEDO, inclusiv prin controlul execut\\u0103rii hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO.<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

Subcomisa parlamentar\\u0103 va fi acea verig\\u0103 ce ar impulsiona eforturile de executare a hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO \\u0219i de control al execut\\u0103rii hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor Cur\\u021bii Constitu\\u021bionale, prin urm\\u0103toarele activit\\u0103\\u021bi:<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00b7\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/span>va analiza m\\u0103surile cu caracter general propuse de c\\u0103tre Agentul guvernamental, \\u0219i, dup\\u0103 caz, va recomanda acestuia alte m\\u0103suri cu caracter general \\u0219i va verifica implementarea m\\u0103surilor cu caracter general \\u0219i individual\\u00a0;<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00b7\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/span>va coopera intrinsec cu Avocatul Poporului, Consiliul pentru egalitate \\u0219i organiza\\u021biile societ\\u0103\\u021bii civile privind existen\\u021ba \\u0219i transmiterea de informa\\u021bii alternative necesare procesului de executare a m\\u0103surilor cu caracter general\\u00a0;<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00b7\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/span>va organiza audieri cu privire la executarea hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor CtEDO \\u0219i ale Cur\\u021bii Constitu\\u021bionale, a raportului anual al Guvernului cu privire la executarea hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor \\u0219i a deciziilor CtEDO \\u0219i va prezenta \\u00een plenul Parlamentului propriul raport cu privire la executarea acestora. La audieri ar putea fi invita\\u021bi\\u00a0<\\\/span>inclusiv reprezentan\\u021bii sistemului judec\\u0103toresc \\u0219i ai procuraturii, Avocatul Poporului, reprezentan\\u021bii societ\\u0103\\u021bii civile cu experien\\u021b\\u0103 \\u00een domeniu etc;<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00b7\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/span>va putea verifica dac\\u0103 autorit\\u0103\\u021bile publice s-au conformat \\u00een mod corespunz\\u0103tor hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor Cur\\u021bii Constitu\\u021bionale, \\u0219i, dac\\u0103 va considera oportun, va organiza audieri cu privire la executarea unei sau mai multor hot\\u0103r\\u00e2ri ale Cur\\u021bii Constitu\\u021bionale \\u0219i va elabora proiecte de legi necesare pentru executarea acestora;<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00b7\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/span>ar putea da recomand\\u0103ri \\u0219i eventuale solu\\u021bii privind problemele \\u00eent\\u00e2mpinate \\u00een procesul de supraveghere a execut\\u0103rii hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rilor.\\u00a0<\\\/span>Cu toate acestea, recomand\\u0103rile nu se vor referi la solu\\u021biile judec\\u0103torilor \\u0219i procurorilor \\u00een cauzele concrete pendinte.<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/i><\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00cen loc de concluzii\\u00a0:<\\\/span><\\\/i><\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>

Hot\\u0103r\\u00e2rile CtEDO, dar \\u0219i ale Cur\\u021bii Constitu\\u021bionale, sunt \\u00een mod justificat recunoscute aduc\\u00e2nd dreptate victimelor \\u00eenc\\u0103lc\\u0103rilor drepturilor omului. Chiar \\u0219i a\\u0219a, aceste hot\\u0103r\\u00e2ri sunt doar un prim pas c\\u0103tre protec\\u021bia acestor drepturi. Din p\\u0103cate, implementarea acestora dureaz\\u0103 \\u00een timp. Acest lucru poate conduce la repetarea \\u00eenc\\u0103lcarilor identificate.<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

Practica demonstreaz\\u0103 c\\u0103 angajamentul sporit \\u0219i o colaborare str\\u00e2ns\\u0103 \\u00eentre autorit\\u0103\\u021bi pot conduce c\\u0103tre un progres semnificativ \\u00een implementarea eficient\\u0103 a acestora.<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

Sper, astfel, s\\u0103 cre\\u0219tem gradul de con\\u0219tientizare a acestor probleme \\u0219i s\\u0103 motiv\\u0103m Parlamentul s\\u0103 adopte un rol proactiv \\u0219i s\\u0103 instituie (cel pu\\u021bin, dar c\\u00e2t mai cur\\u00e2nd posibil) subcomisia de specialitate<\\\/span><\\\/u>.<\\\/span><\\\/p>

\\u00a0<\\\/span><\\\/p>

Surse foto: parlament.md; brugesgroup.com; trm.md<\\\/i><\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"text_columns\":\"1\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Roboto Slab\",\"typography_font_weight\":\"400\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false}]"],"_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":["The right to privacy, as enshrined in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, imposes a number of positive obligations on States to protect victims of all forms of violence, including cyber-violence."],"_wp_old_date":["2022-12-23"],"_eael_post_view_count":["4499"],"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":["Online stalking"],"_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":["67"],"_yoast_wpseo_title":["Online stalking with intimate photos: What should authorities do to protect victims of cyber violence? 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